Module 04 · Section 1.3.1
Network Hardware
NIC — Controller
Hardware
Hardware built into every device that allows it to connect to a network. Each NIC has a unique MAC address.
The NIC handles converting data between the device's internal format and the signals used on the network medium (cable or wireless).
Switch
LAN Device
Connects devices within a LAN. Directs data packets only to the specific device using MAC addresses.
A switch maintains a MAC address table. It reads the destination MAC and forwards data only to that port.
⚠ Examiner Warning: The Switch Trap
A switch does not connect to the internet. It only connects devices within a LAN using MAC addresses.
Router
Inter-Network
Connects different networks together. Directs packets using IP addresses.
The router reads the destination IP address and determines the best path for it across the network.
⚠ Examiner Warning: Router Purpose
Marks for "connecting different networks" or "forwarding based on IP." Reject: "Lets you use internet."
WAP — Wireless
Wireless
Allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network. Acts as a bridge.
The WAP transmits Wi-Fi signals, allowing mobile devices to join the LAN without a cable.
Selected: NIC
NIC — Every device has one. Hardcoded MAC address assigned at manufacture.
Click a device in the left panel to highlight it